SMALL MINING SITES: INNOVATION IN EXPLOITATION AND PROCESSING
ABOUT DIM ESEE 2020
Under the 2020 topic Small mining sites – Innovation in exploitation and processing DIM ESEE project partners and participants discussed innovation in exploitation and processing for small and intermediate size deposits, currently representing vast majority of the European and the ESEE mining industry:
Innovation in exploitation (Drilling and Blasting)
- What to expect in future development of explosives and initiation system?
- How to reduce environmental effects of blasting?
- How to optimize blasting parameters and increase efficiency?
Innovation in exploitation (Mechanization)
- How to predict performance of mechanized excavation?
- How to optimize pit mining parameters?
- How to plan extraction and design pilot plant?
Innovation in processing (Mineral characterization)
- What is the importance of geometallurgy?
- Can we optimise processing routes using mineral mapping?
- How to increase effectiveness of flotation?
Innovation in processing (Techniques)
- What should we know about the development of new mining technology?
- What are the new methods in bioremediation and biorecycling of mining wastes?
School was held in hybrid form – you can read more here.
As many of you didn’t have the chance to participate in 2020 school, we prepared the online course where we have made available all the 2020 lessons online. Online course consists of 13 lessons delivered by renowned experts and academics in the field of mining. Each buyer can be awarded 2 ECTS for participating in the course!
TUITION FEE = upon request
DIM ESEE 2020 – SMALL MINING SITES: INNOVATION IN EXPLOITATION AND PROCESSING
LECTURERS & LESSONS
Name: Roman Dychkovskyi
Title: Professor
Institution: Department of Science & Research, Dnipro University of Technology
Address of the Institution: D. Yavornytskogo ave. 19, 49000 Dnipro, Ukraine
Mobile phone number: +38 0985233306
E-mail: dychkovskyi.r.o@nmu.one
Roman Dychkovskyi is the specialist in the extracting the thin and very thin coal seams, including reserves with different structural changes; substantiation the mining technologies in zones of geologic infringements and stress borders; underground coal gasification; management of mining pressure; simulation the mining processes and other problems related to mining activity.
His scientific work is well known in Ukraine, Poland, Germany and other countries. He is author nearly 220 publications (including 17 monographs and 27 patents). Also he is the member of redaction commission of 4 international journals and magazines: “Bulletin of National Mining University”, “Suitable Development”, “Mining of Deposits” and “Wiadomości Górnicze”.
In the lecture, different mining techniques and technologies of raw materials are considered based on the concept of the mineral deposits formation. Static and dynamic systems of global changes are considered. Changes of geometrical sizes, the shape and mass of the planet are considered as the joint idea, which should be taken into account in mining processes. The factors that form the territorial distribution of geodynamic stress fields, zonation of geological disturbances and other changes in the rock mass are considered. The principles of mining based on the distribution of zones of high and low mining pressure are substantiated. Particular attention is paid to the mining technologies development for small-scale sets. Technical and technological support is justified for the extraction of limited-size plots of abandoned and off-balance reserves.
The lecture provides information about directions of the mining technology development, innovative solutions for the feasibility study of mining operations. Methods for forecasting and estimating the mineral reserves for specific mining and geological conditions are proposed. Analytical calculations for establishing their number taking into account changes in the geometric dimensions of small mining sets are given. The substantiation of rational parameters of mining works in zones of variable stresses according the geometrical sizes and intensity of a dynamic processes in the rock mass is presented. The risks and threats of the mining operations according to used technics and technologies are analyzed. Moreover, for the technical and technological support of the excavation process, traditional mechanical methods for the destruction of the rock mass, as well as non-traditional technologies for transferring the product from one state to another, are offered. Moreover, transformation of raw materials is proposed to provide in an environmentally friendly cycle directly at the mining site.
Among the techniques of mechanical destruction of solid raw materials is a description of the technologies with the help of special mining equipment, which involves the extraction of mineral reserves without the constant presence of personnel (deserted mining systems) at the sites. The normative acts of such solution are considered together with economic assessment and estimation the ecological influence on the environment.
Name: Petar Krastev Shishkov
Title: Dr. (Associate professor)
Institution: University of mining and geology “Sveti Ivan Rilski”
Address of the Institution: 1, “Prof. Boyan Kamenov” str., Sofia, Bulgaria
Mobile phone number: +359898448146
E-mail: sfxman86@yahoo.com
This lecture and visual presentation is prepared in equivalent co-authorship with eng. Nadezhda Stoycheva, M.Sc. and current PhD student at University of mining and geology “Sveti Ivan Rilski”, Sofia.
Our performance begins with very short historical overview of explosives from blasting gunpowder to slurries and emulsions. Important comments for changing of “the goals” in blasting techniques and technologies, concerning evolution of characteristics of industrial explosives will drawing attention during that blitz-trip through explosive’s history.
The next step is a brief study about detonation as phenomenon and it’s impact over solid ambience. Annotations about methods for monitoring and regulation of the influence of compressive waves are beneficial elements of this round.
In the third part of our lecture are given interesting information about chemistry and content of explosives of 21st Century and their character for reducing environmental effects of blasting. The most significant details about advantages and shortcomings of the new generation industrial explosives are fixed into the circle of light.
Chapter Four of our presentation is dedicated to the new generation initiation systems and their role for optimization of blasting parameters and rising of efficiency. Focusing their contribution for decreasing of blast-induced seismic vibrations and improvement of rock fragmentation, combined with reducing of the quantity of explosives.
The last part of the lection is an interesting story about specific methods for limitation of dissemination of compressive waves in the rocks outside of the blasting field and other innovative combined blasting & mechanical approaches, applied during extraction of dimension stones.
As conclusion of the presentation, some guidelines and expectations for development of commercial explosives and industrial systems for initiation are discussed.
Dr. Philipp Hartlieb
Senior Researcher
Chair of Mining Engineering and Mineral Economics
Montanuniversitaet Leoben
Franz Josef Strasse 18, 8700 Leoben, Austria
Philipp.hartlieb@unileoben.ac.at
Negative environmental side effects of mining operations range from blast vibrations, to noise and air shock, flyrock, and toxic fumes. All are relevant for the productivity of the mine, but more importantly for the good relationship to neighbouring communities.
This lecture provides an overview of environmental side effects and explains some of their mitigation methods. Special emphasis will be set on blast vibrations in small-scaled mines and how they can be reduced at sensitive targets. Successful mitigation relies on precise knowledge of many factors such as the mining and geologic situation before the blast, the blast geometry and the results of a blasting activity. These data can be gathered, analysed and evaluated with a range of automated tools, delivering timely and precise information for proper planning. In addition, these tools also provide information about the outcomes of a blast. Here not only the reduction of side effects is important but also the economic performance of the operation. A “good” blast is one with minimum side effects, at the same time also delivering desirable muckpile characteristics (e.g. shape, grain size distribution) which are beneficiary for the mining process. All the goals and procedures will be explained in this lecture.
Name: Mag. rer. nat. Uwe Restner
Title: Product Manager Roadheaders and Digitalization
Institution: Sandvik Mining and Construction G.m.b.H.
Address of the Institution: Alpinestrasse 1, 8740 Zeltweg, Austria
Mobile phone number: +43 664 9656106
E-mail: uwe.restner@sandvik.com
The lecture generally deals with the topic rock / rock mass cuttability assessment for mechanical cutting / rock excavation machines, especially roadheaders, and should give a good overview on how to do that with a strong practical background. There will be a clear differentiation between rock and rock mass, and the applied methods for characterizing rock and rock mass cuttability. Laboratory rock tests specific for rock cuttability assessment will be described and explained, and it will be shown how this is done in practice. Also, the practical and economic reasons for the selected test methods will be discussed. At the end it should be understood which rock parameters are used and related to each other to characterize a rock for rock cuttability assessment. The influence of the rock test results on cutting performance and tool consumption of a mechanical rock excavation machine will be discussed and practical examples will be shown. Additionally, the influence of rock mass structure on the operational parameters of a roadheader will be displayed by using the especially developed RMCR (Rock Mass Cuttability Rating) system, which will be explained in detail and shown in practical use as field applied method on drill cores as well as on rock faces. At the end of the lecture the practical application of the lecture learnings will be exercised, and a case study will be done step by step from receiving the first information about a mechanical excavation project until the operational results in fact achieved in a real project.
Name: Gašper Tavčar
Title: Asst.prof.
Institution: Jožef Stefan Institute
Address of the Institution: Jamova cesta 39
Mobile phone number: +38631697232
E-mail: gasper.tavcar@ijs.si
In order to bring the required elements to the market it is often necessary to introduce different hydrometallurgical methods to extract them from ore. But in order to set up full scale process, different steps have to be undertaken to enable the extraction and make it cost efficient. Laboratory tests should evaluate the most suitable leachates and conditions for the extraction. The highest yield is usually the goal shown in the scientific literature, however the best yield is often obtained at the most extreme conditions and utilization of the most expensive reagents, that can’t be used in the full scale process. Therefore, optimal yield to cost ratio is the goal of any kind of industrial process. After the optimal laboratory conditions are obtained it is necessary to think about the design of the pilot plant that should provide the required details for the final process. Things usually don’t proceed as planned as many processes that are easily used in laboratory are not always applicable to few kg scale like filtration or utilization of corrosive chemicals. One of the “small” details that are often neglected in a small scale production is also waste. The whole operation should be designed to produce as little waste as possible. All the spent liquids should be evaluated for the possible regeneration and reuse in the process in order to decrease the final waste volume.
All the steps will be correlated by the two processes that were or are being developed by our group.
Name: Oleksii Lozhnikov
Title: Dr.-Ing., Assoc. Prof.
Institution: Dnipro University of Technology
Address of the Institution: D. Yavornitskoho ave., 19, Dnipro, Ukraine
Mobile phone number: +380681770095
E-mail: lozhnikov.o.v@nmu.one
In 2008 internship at the Technical University of Bergakademie Freiberg (Germany) under the program of thesis double-defence between NMU and TU “FGA”.
The double defence of the thesis “Substantiation and development of technology for the formation of dumps with a combined surface to increase the area of reclaimed land at the development of horizontal deposits” was carried out in 2012 in Ukraine and Germany.
In 2011 he co-authored the monograph “Scientific foundations of rational use of nature at the Surface mining “, written by an international team of Ukrainian and Germany authors. In 2015 with co-authors, he released the book “Technology of Surface mining of sloping mineral deposits”.
The direction of scientific research is to develop technological solutions for the preservation and improvement of the environment, rational use of natural resources at the surface mining of mineral deposits.
A total of 72 scientific works were published, including 4 co-authored monographs, 10 articles in the international database Scopus, 5 – Web of Science, 60 professional magazines in Ukraine, 10 articles in foreign publications, 3 patents for inventions.
Ukraine is one of the leading countries in the world according to quantity and diversity of mineral deposits. Its share in world mining is approximately 1% versus 5% in the mid-80s of the twentieth century. Occupying 0.4% of Earth land, it has mineral reserves in more than 8200 deposits with a total value of over 11 trillion dollars. USA.
These circumstances led to the formation in country of a powerful mining complex with its man-caused and environmental problems. Among them, it is necessary to single out a high degree of man-caused loads, environmental pollution and formation of large volumes of waste, the activation and development of dangerous geological processes, violation of hydrogeology conditions, loss of minerals and uncompleted use of deposits.
According to this problems development of resource-saving technologies in Surface mining is necessity task. That is why in lection presented the scientific and technical background and conceptual aspects of the integrated use of mineral raw materials that allow to decrease harmful influence on environment. General attention paid to the mining technologies that allow the selective development of accompany minerals in deposits, formation and development of man-caused deposits when using the cyclical and continuous technology, as well as mobile equipment.
In the lessons is analysed the main ore and non-metallic mineral deposits in Ukraine that situated in general mining regions: Kriviy Rih iron ore basin, Malishevskoe titanium ore deposit (Vilnohirsk), Nikopolsky manganese ore, quarry of building materials.
Name: PIRARD, Eric
Title: Full Professor
Institution: University of Liege (BE)
Address of the Institution: GeMMe ULiege – Allée de la Découverte, 9 – 4000 LIEGE (BE)
Mobile phone number: +32 497 531460
E-mail: eric.pirard@uliege.be
- process oriented mineralogical mapping
- vision and smart sorting technologies
- geological remote sensing
- energy-efficient fragmentation and pre-processing
- bio/hydrometallurgical processing
This group is a core-partner of a several major EU and regional projects aiming at characterizing and recovering metals from challenging ores and complex end-of-life products. Eric Pirard is the academic coordinator of the European Master in Resources Engineering (EMerald) a labelled master program part of the EITRawMaterials Academy.
Mineral mapping techniques are a range of innovative tools used to appropriately map the complexity and variability of ores at all scales. They bring essential insight to complement the conventional grade/tonnage curve associated traditional with resource estimation. They can also be used all along the lifetime of the mine to provide guidance for adapting and optimizing the downstream mineral processing. Last but not least they help to build a digital twin of the orebody and can potentially be fed into simulation software to contribute to the development of particle-tracking techniques.
In this lecture we will present state-of-the-art technologies being developed in multisensory core-scanning (EIT Ancorelog and T-Rex projects). We will also explain the principles of automated mineralogy in electron and optical microscopy. Emphasis will be put on the statistical accuracy of digital measurements and on the proper interpretation of large datasets to support decision making in mineral processing.
The broader philosophy of geometallurgy encompassing the whole value chain from exploration to resource estimation and end-of-life impact assessment will be presented and discussed.
Name: Daniel Saramak
Title: PhD, D.Sc., University Professor
Institution: AGH University of Science and Technology
Address of the Institution: Mickiewicza 30 Av.
Mobile phone number: 692 597 032
E-mail: dsaramak@agh.edu.pl
Daniel Saramak main engagement concerns mathematical and statistical modelling of selected mineral processing operations, including technological and economic assessment of selected beneficiation operations. During his nineteen years work experience he has published more than 160 articles and papers, many presented on international (i.e. Canada, Brasil, India, China, Turkey, Russia, Chile, European countires) and domestic conferences and congresses in mineral processing and raw materials treatment. Experience in industrial projects realized in Australia and for South African mining company, cooperation with world-wide device manufacturers, investigations in Germany and USA.
Tomasz Gawenda is strictly involved in investigations over mechanical processing operations of raw materials, especially focused on aggregates. His main research area include operations of comminution and screening, he has published within this area around 200 papers. Authors of many patents, some already implemented into industry. Coordinator and main executor of several big research projects realized in cooperation with national raw materials processing industry.
LESSON: INNOVATIONS IN MINERAL AGGREGATE PRODUCTION
Aggregates production technology is primary based on multi-stage comminution and screening operations, what – apart of high energy consumption – has also a significant negative environmental footprint in terms of noise and dust emission. A major problem, depending the feed material type, constitute the shape of product, especially irregular particles content, what generally decreases material qualitative properties and may limit its industrial utilization.
The presented idea is based on a patented solution of novel technological circuit aiming at improving the quality of final aggregate products. An application of this solution may result in achieving of up to 100% of regular particles and some reduction of waste material. From technological scope it is also possible to reduce the crushing circuit by one stage, and make the entire circuit less complex and energy consuming. The screening system include a set of individual decks operating on a narrow size fractions properly designed and combined with primary/secondary crushing device and screening products recycles and flows. The presented solution is universal and can be applied to wide range of material from the scope of type and size. It has been already applied into industry and achieved benefits will be also presented. Main advantages of this innovation include practical elimination of irregular particles from the final product and more efficient utilization of raw material. It has also economic benefits in terms of less energy consumption and less complex circuit.
Name: Mária Kaňuchová
Title: assoc. prof., Ph.D.,
Institution: Institute of Earth Resources. Faculty of Mining, Ecology, Process Control and Geotechnologies. Technical university of Kosice
Address of the Institution: Park Komenského 19, 042 00 Košice, Slovakia
Mobile phone number: +421 915 953 268 |
E-mail: maria.kanuchova@tuke.sk
The lecture will be divided into four parts:
- The meaning of surface
- General principles of XPS analysis.
- Leaching of gold from the raw materials and gold characterization by XPS method.
- Experimental aplication of XPS method.
The first part deals with the definition of the surface and its role in the processing of the raw materials.
The second part explains the general principles of XPS method, the basic aims of surface analysis.
The third part is devoted to leaching of gold and its subscription by XPS method.
The fourth part points to various possibilities of XPS method using in the practice.
Name: Darina Štyriaková
Title: Ing., PhD.
Institution: ekolive s.r.o.
Address of the Institution: Americká trieda 3, 04013, Košice, Slovakia
Mobile phone number: +421948299345
E-mail: darina.styriakova@ekolive.eu
Manufacturing industry in the EU is strongly depending on the import of raw materials (RM) – metals above all. The EU’s industry competitiveness and circular economy can be outstandingly increased through the optimization and use of local primary and secondary resources. The potential is huge, but existing RM are unexploited or wasted mostly because of currently non-economic and non-ecological treatments to recover or upgrade them. Low-quality primary resources and residues such as mine, processing or industrial waste contain a mix of valuable metals (though toxic in many cases) and high-value minerals. If at all, hazardous and polluting leaching processes using acids and chemicals are applied to recover metals or purify minerals from these resources, making the extraction a severe threat for the environment as well as being an unsafe and costly practice. ekolive has developed a novel bioleaching process for environmentally safe and economically efficient recovery of valuable metals and minerals from primary and (toxic) secondary resources, applying heterotrophic bacteria able to solubilize metallic elements and occurrences from primary and secondary resources with the same effect as chemical leaching: metals and high-purity minerals are easily and competitively recovered to serve different industries. By this ekolive 1) favours the reduction of chemicals in the mining sector; 2) increases the local availability of RM, reducing imports and transports with related emissions; 3) enhances circular economy, reducing wastes while eliminating toxic contaminated residues; and 4) – as a by-product – produces high-quality organic fertilizer, which in turn can reduce the use of chemicals in agriculture.
Name: Gregor Borg
Title: Prof. Dr.
Institution: Institute of Geosciences and Geography, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg
Address of the Institution: von-Seckendorff-Platz 3, 06120 Halle, Germany
Mobile phone number: 0049-345-5526080
E-mail: gregor.borg@geo.uni-halle.de
Mining and mineral processing industry are under pressure from political and social stakeholders to deliver products more sustainably with a much smaller environmental impact. Technical innovations to achieve these goals include reduction in energy consumption, waterless mineral processing, coarse particle liberation, and safe dry stacking of tailings. Traditional, largely abrasional comminution in robust ball and SAG mills is known for its inefficiency with respect to breakage and energy consumption. Earlier theoretical predictions and numerical modelling postulated that more efficient impact breakage should occur at higher impact energies from higher operational velocities. The VeRo Liberator impact crusher operates in such a mechanical high-velocity regime and achieves very high particle size reduction ratios and degrees of particle liberation at very low energy consumption and without using process water. The VeRo technology has been successfully applied to low-grade tin-tungsten-molybdenum ores from Queensland, Australia and can be applied to similarly challenging ores elsewhere and is currently tested within the iTarg3T project.
The step-changing comminution results of the VeRo Liberator technology are achieved from high frequency, high-velocity impacts with an efficient momentum transfer that leads to the effective disintegration of the feed material. The empirically tested results have been experimentally simulated and confirmed in static and dynamic uniaxial load tests and high-velocity impact gas cannon tests. The VeRo Liberator technology has currently achieved TRL 7 and several units operate currently at mining operations and test facilities in South Africa.
Assoc. Prof. Mario Dobrilović, University of Zagreb – Faculty of Mining, Geology and Petroleum Engineering
LESSON: LOW DENSITY EXPLOSIVES: THEORY AND APPLICATION
KEYWORDS:
- Challenges of Mining in urban areas;
- Directed use of the explosives energy;
- Efficiency and environmental aspect;
- Explosives and initiation systems of the future.
MSc. Andrea Martínez Rodríguez, Omya GmbH
LESSON: DEPOSIT MODELING PROCEDURE FOR STEEP-DIPPING VEINS (LITHIUM PROJECT KORALPE) USING SURPAC
KEYWORDS:
- Deposit Modelling
- Mineral resources calculation
- Block models for narrow veins
- Surpac
- Geo-statistics
INFORMATION ABOUT DIM ESEE 2020 ONLINE COURSE
HOW TO ACCESS LECTURES AND PRESENTATIONS FROM 2020?
Lectures and presentations are available on Vimeo platform, however there is a password required. In order to get access to the materials, you have to pay the tuition fee for online course. To proceed, please fill out the registration form below and wait for the further instructions.
After listening to the lectures, you can take a short test and in case of a good result, you will be awarded 2 ECTS points.
Disclaimer: There is no recording or presentation available for Lesson 13 due to intellectual property and confidentiality issues. The lecturer kindly provided the link to the official website for all those interested to find out more: https://www.veroliberator.de/.
ONLINE COURSE REGISTRATION FORM
SMALL MINING SITES: INNOVATION IN EXPLOITATION AND PROCESSING